Immigration Enforcement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Movement Enforcement - Essay Example The branch of state (DOS) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) assume the job of managing the law and arrangements on the obscure or outsiders. DOS plays the primary duty of giving visas, citizenship of U.S and movement administrations. DHS is liable for endorsing migrant petitions, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in some picked government offices abroad (Brotherton and Kretsedemas, 2008). Branch of State (DOS) holds unreasonable control over the issuance of the visa. Consular officials are increasingly worried about encouraging the travel industry and exchange to assess visa candidates cautiously. It is regularly contended that the central specialists ought to be given to VSP, which allots specialists with skill in migration law and remain against fear mongering (Brotherton and Kretsedemas, 2008). Fringe security bargains from multiple points of view by which unlawful and criminal people and the merchandise enter the nation. Fringe security actually includes controlling the ports from which genuine or lawful voyagers enter the nation. It likewise includes watching these grounds and fringes to preclude illicit sections in the nation. Fencing the outskirts is one changeless issue (Brotherton and Kretsedemas, 2008). One billion US Dollars were designated for the utilization of Border Initiative Network (SBInet), the virtual fence of the cameras, radar and for the gadgets of correspondence, which was dropped because of the abuse and overwhelm of cost from 2006-2010 by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Universal land fringe and other oversight issues would continue bringing up the issue of what the innovation, foundation, and faculty ought to be or do to distinguish and restrict the passages of unlawful work force in the nation. Endeavors to improve the security of migration reports are made to build up a framework that handles adulterated or misrepresentation archives (dAppollonia and Reich, 2008). Since the startling

Should juvenile offenders be tried and punished as adults Annotated Bibliography

Should adolescent guilty parties be attempted and rebuffed as grown-ups - Annotated Bibliography Example The act of trying and rebuffing adolescent guilty parties as grown-ups isn't predictable all through all criminal equity frameworks as certain frameworks despite everything accept that adolescents ought to be attempted in the adolescent courts regardless of how egregious the wrongdoing may be. The recognition in some equity frameworks is that trying kids in grown-up courts would adversy affect the youngsters as they could probably have a type of mental issues. This paper would attempt to set up whether adolescent wrongdoers ought to be attempted and rebuffed as grown-ups. Individuals that would almost certainly profit by this paper are legal counselors, forthcoming legal counselors (law understudies) and general society on the loose. It ought to likewise be relevant to take note of that individuals that are keen on the instance of adolescent wrongdoing would likewise increase a great deal from the subtleties of this paper and the exploration work. This examination would attempt to ac hieve the way that a kid is viewed as a grown-up for the reasons for directing equity when the wrongdoing carried out isn't an instance of adolescent misconduct, however an intense criminal act and this underlines the significance of the investigation as it would be useful for instances of adolescent wrongdoings. Books, web sources and other significant sources would be utilized for this work. A portion of the inquiries that would frame the premise of this paper are: Why are a few kids thought about grown-ups to oversee equity and are moved to grown-up courts? What sort of wrongdoing would a kid perpetrate for the offense to be qualified as a grown-up wrongdoing?

When Depression and Anxiety Occur Together

When Depression and Anxiety Occur Together Panic Disorder Related Conditions Print When Depression and Anxiety Occur Together By Sheryl Ankrom linkedin Sheryl Ankrom is a clinical professional counselor and nationally certified clinical mental health counselor specializing in anxiety disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Sheryl Ankrom Updated on January 19, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Gary John Norman / Getty Images It is possible to have both depression and anxiety at the same time. Many people with anxiety go through bouts of occasional depression. Depression and Anxiety Symptoms of depression and anxiety often co-occur in certain disorders. In fact, according to the National Institute of Mental Health,?? major depression often accompanies panic disorder and other anxiety disorders. While depression and anxiety have distinct clinical features, there is some overlap of symptoms. For example, in both depression and anxiety, irritability, decreased concentration and impaired sleep are common. It is not uncommon to experience occasional and brief periods of feeling down and anxious. These episodes are not usually a cause for concern, and once passed, you are able to resume life as usual. If you suffer from depression and anxiety and your symptoms are present for more than two weeks, frequently recur, or are interfering with how you live your life, it’s time to get help. Depression We’ve all felt “sad” or “blue” at one time or another. Rare bouts of depression?? that last only a few days are usually not a problem for most people. But, clinical depressionâ€"the type that people seek help forâ€"is a different story. The DSM 5??  uses the term “major depressive disorder” to classify and diagnose clinical depression. Major depressive episodes are the hallmark features of this type of depression. These episodes are characterized by extreme symptoms that interfere with daily functioning. Clinical depression, or a major depressive episode, can include any of the following symptoms??: feeling sad most of the timefeeling tired or having low energy most of the dayloss of interest in activities once enjoyedchanges in appetite, weight loss or weight gaintrouble concentratingdifficulty sleepingfeeling worthlessfeeling helpless or hopelessunexplained headaches, stomach problems or muscular/skeletal painthoughts of death or suicide Clinical Depression: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Anxiety Anxiety is a normal human experience. In fact, it is considered a beneficial response in certain situations. For example, dangerous situations trigger anxiety in the form of a fight-or-flight stress response that is necessary for our survival. Or, sometimes anxiety gives us the necessary push we need to get things done. While it’s pretty clear that anxiety is normal and even beneficial, for some people it becomes a problem. And, when anxiety becomes a problem, the effects can be physical, emotional and behavioral. Your symptoms may lead to an anxiety disorder if they are??: severe or last a long timeout of proportion to the situation at handcausing extreme behaviors (i.e., avoidance) to reduce the anxiety It should also be noted that anxiety can be a central aspect of depression, causing an anxious or agitated depression. Tips for Coping and Living Well With Anxiety Treatment Symptoms of depression and anxiety are treatable. Studies?? show that medications and/or psychotherapy (talk therapy) are effective for most individuals. As the name implies, antidepressants are used for the treatment of depression. It is now clear that in addition to improving one’s mood, antidepressants also have an anti-anxiety effect. Antidepressants are believed to affect certain (chemical messengers) in the brain, resulting ?in a better mood and less anxiety. Today, antidepressants are the usual choice of medication intervention for major depressive disorders and anxiety disorders. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is one form of psychotherapy that has been shown to be successful in treating depression and anxiety disorders. CBT combines the fundamental concepts of behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy. The term “cognitive” refers to our thought process and reflects what we think, believe and perceive. Put together, CBT?? focuses on our behaviors and thoughts and how they are contributing to our current symptoms and difficulties. Find Relief in an Online Anxiety Support Group

Alexander Hamilton The First Secretary Of The United States

Alexander Hamilton was born on the Island of Nevis around the 1500s the exact date is unknown. Hamilton was married to Elizabeth Schuyler in 1780 and had family with her. He was a delegated to the constitution Convention and major author of the Federalist paper, he was the first Secretary of Treasure of the United States from 1789-1795. He was well known as a Political Scientist, Government Official, Journalist, Military Leader, Economist and a lawyer. He was George Washington assistant in 1788, he convinces the people of New York to ratify the U.S Constitution. Therefore, the author intensions of this book was to illustrated the dramatic life that Alexander Hamilton had as an early American Government. Alexander Hamilton had brilliant ideas that couth the attention of George Washington and made him the Secretary of Treasure. Hamilton’s life was not perfect during his childhood he suffer do to his mother and father. His life was full of drama begin with her mother who cheater on her husband with Alexander’s father. The author states that he was well known as â€Å"Drama Shadowed his footsteps† (pg. 41). The thesis of the book can be found on the prologue in which the author writes â€Å"in all probably Alexander Hamilton was the most important figure in the America history and he never attained the presidency, but he probably had too much deeper and more lasting impact than many who did became presidents.’’ Alexander was well known for his performances that he provides during GeorgeShow MoreRelatedHamilton’s Vision Intended for the New Government of United States of America1269 Words   |  6 Pagesthe United States of America Constitution was ratified by two-thirds of the states. The Constitution created a new government in the United States of America that was constructed around the idea of separation of power by the three branches of government with a system of checks and balances. These branches include the execut ive branch, the bicameral legislative branch and judicial branch. In order to ensure that no branch were to overpower the other two branches, the forefathers of the United StatesRead MoreAlexander Hamilton990 Words   |  4 PagesAlexander Hamilton When producing something as important as the document outlining an entire nation’s culture, it is helpful to have inventive and innovative thinkers; however, it is necessary to have leaders with experience and knowledge. The United States needed a strong leader who stood for his beliefs and could execute them to their full potential. When Alexander Hamilton entered Independence Hall on May 14, 1787, that was exactly what he was willing to do for his country. He helped withRead MoreAlexander Hamilton ( 1755-1804 )860 Words   |  4 PagesAlexander Hamilton (1755-1804). Born 1755 in the British West Indies In 1774, he wrote his first political article defending the Patriots cause against the interests of pro-British Loyalists.In 1775, at the beginning of the Revolutionary War Hamilton became part of the New York Provincial Artillery Company and fought in the battles of Long Island, White Plains and Trenton.In the year of 1777, Hamilton became General George Washington s off icial assistant. In 1781 George Washington s granted HamiltonRead MoreWhy Didn t Hamilton And Jefferson Get Along?1197 Words   |  5 PagesWhy couldn’t Hamilton and Jefferson get along? Alexander Hamilton was born on January 11, 1775 in Nevis, British West Indies and Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743, Shadwell, VA. They both grew up on plantations and had families and siblings. However, Jefferson had nine siblings while Hamilton only had his younger brother James A. Hamilton. The two men had a great adoration for reading and were brilliant. They were phenomenal writers and had many famous works. They were bothRead MoreEssay on Biography of Alexander Hamilton 1054 Words   |  5 PagesBiography of Alexander Hamilton Summary Alexander Hamilton was most likely born on January 11, 1757, although the exact year of his birth is unknown. Hamilton was born onRead MoreEssay The Burr Conspiracy948 Words   |  4 PagesThe events surrounding the â€Å"Burr Conspiracy† were among the first tests of the effectiveness of the United States democracy. II. Aaron Burr Aaron Burr was born in Newark New Jersey on February 6, 1756, and Burr was educated at what is now Princeton University. Burr joined the Continental Army in 1775, and rose to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. Burr was appointed attorney general of New York in 1789 and served as a United States senator from 1791 to 1797 (Onager CD-ROM). In the Election ofRead MoreThe Forgotten Founder : Alexander Hamilton1196 Words   |  5 PagesAriel Fisher College Composition 3M Mr. Claxton December 10, 2015 The Forgotten Founder Alexander Hamilton was one of the founding fathers of the United States, but little to no people recognize the accomplishments he made. As a young man he fought in the Revolutionary War under the command of George Washington and later went on to become the first Secretary of the Treasury. With a multitude of other achievements under his belt, it’s hard to comprehend how this amazing man became a forgotten figureRead More Hamilton And The Economy Essay example1455 Words   |  6 Pages Your name Your teacher Date Hamilton and the Economy nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Since the birth of the country, there have been many influences on its development. The economy in particular has been an area of great importance. Many people have been factors in the growth of the United States’ economy. Perhaps the earliest and most influential of these was Alexander Hamilton. As shown in his effective policies, such as assumption of Revolutionary War debts, practical taxation, formation ofRead MoreAlexander Hamilton And Thomas Jefferson819 Words   |  4 Pages Alexander Hamilton was born on January 11, 1755 in Nevis, British West Indies and Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743, Shadwell, VA. They both grew up on plantations and had families and siblings. However, Jefferson had nine siblings while Hamilton only had his younger brother James A. Hamilton. The two men had a great adoration for reading and were brilliant. They were phenomenal writers and had many famous works. They were both founding fathers and were part of Washington’s first c abinetRead MoreAlexander Hamilton: A Biography672 Words   |  3 PagesAlexander Hamilton Alexander Hamiltons humble beginnings gave little hint of the greatness to come for the future soldier, economist, first United States Secretary of the Treasury, politician, renowned constitutional lawyer and Founding Father. Hamilton was born a British subject on the island of Nevis, West Indies on January 11th in either 1755 or 1757. Hamiltons childhood was difficult, as business failures caused his fathers bankruptcy, and may have played a role the fathers abandoning his

Claudius The Surprise Emperor - 1097 Words

Niko Akaras Mr Bozzi. AMW February 21, 2017 Claudius: The Surprise Emperor Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus was born in 10 AD in Gaul, modern day France. Due to an illness as a child he developed a limp and partial deafness. Because of this he was ostracized from his family, believing he was mentally challenged. Coming from a family of such high stature, Claudius was hidden until his teens, seen as an embarrassment to the family name. He gained the attention of his family when, in his teens, he began writing history. While he did not write history for long, as his works were too critical of Octavian, this showed his family that he was not mentally challenged and possessed full cognitive ability. Despite this, he was†¦show more content†¦He gave up many privileges that former emperors took advantage of and always approaching the senate with respect, almost as equals. However this was not enough to please the Senate as many plots were hatched in the senate on Claudius’ life. So Claudius used other methods to gain legitimacy . Under Claudius, the Roman Empire expanded for the first time on the scale of Augustus since then. He extended the empire s reach to the East by annexing Thrace (Macedonia), Pamphylia (Turkey), Lycia (Turkey) and Judea (Israel). He also extended north by annexing Noricum (Austria) and beginning a campaign to invade Britain. This was not the first time the Romans had attempted to take over Britain, as Caesar had tried before, but if the legendary Julius Caesar could not take Britain, no one could. Claudius disagreed. With great ambition and personal involvement, he ordered the invasion of Britain. He landed with his troops in Britain and stood along side them during the beginning of the campaign, before having to return to Rome. His campaign proved very successful and the southern part of Britain was annexed. Later Claudius’ successors would continue his campaign in Britain, but none would be possible without his initial invasion. In order to govern such an expansive empire, Claudius expanded the idea of client kingdoms and assigned a regional king to rule over their land. The ‘client king’ would be a native man of stature and well respected in theirShow MoreRelatedThe Roman Empire and Nero Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesA.D. Seneca, chief Roman tragic writer and philosopher in the time, who just came back from exile is summoned to the Roman emperors castle by the old emperor Claudius wife Julia Agrippina. He is assigned to tutor her son, Nero. Nero is a spoiled little twenty-year old fat freak hungry for gladiator-ism. He hates his step- father, Claudius for he always treats him as a good for nothing child, which he is. Where-from he feels indebted to his mother who seemingly gives him full attention andRead More Boadicea Essay856 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome a part of the Roman Empire. Iceni was amongst them, which happened to be the tribe of the famous Boadicea and her husband Prasutagus. However, Caesar and his army left that same year because they found the conditions too cold. Later in 43 AD Claudius Nero came into power. A man who was both cruel and pitiless, in his lifetime he managed to not only kill both his wives, his brother, and his mother but was known to go around the streets at night killing random men. Nero who wanted so badly to earnRead MoreThe Legacy Of Claudius Nero By Marcus Tullius Cicero1636 Words   |  7 Pagestribulations that have plagued us in recent times, and in particular during the long r eign of Tiberius Claudius Nero Drusus Caesar, known simply to the people as Tiberius. It is worth noting at this point that I, (name here) have, during my long life served in my greatest capacity under the reign of all of our emperors, Augustus, Tiberius, the mad Gaius, and finally under our current emperor, Claudius. After 65 long and burdensome years, I am at last able to divulge my knowledge of the events that unfoldedRead MoreDeath theme In the play Hamlet by Shakespeare1418 Words   |  6 Pagesthe apparel suggests a killing attitude. The Ghost, the symbol of Death, reveals the truth of him being murdered by his own brother to his son, Hamlet, and asks for revenge. Because of King Hamlets death, Claudius gets the throne and Gertrude betrays her late husband and remarries with Claudius. The murder and the betrayal, therefore, become the main grounds for Hamlets actions. The young Hamlet is given a valid reason to be mad and willing to accept the role of spreading death. The Ghost is theRead MoreComparison Between Roman And Roman Civilization1565 Words   |  7 Pagespercentages from the Domain, Ever since then Rome has always been widely known for its brutal behavior and its people that has made it for what it is today, Roman history has left more of bloody legacy outweighing the bad over good, And of course Emperors themselves have left such permeant print of horror that consist of evil and greed and learn why Rome is the way it because of it, People like Caesar, Augustus and much more have given Rome the Sodom and Gomorrah. Julius Caesar prevailed issuesRead MoreIn drama Hamlet, Shakespeare showed Hamlet in war for women. In the family, the son is Hamlet2300 Words   |  10 Pagessome lines from his own mind. He instructs and put privately Horatio to look at the reaction of the King to the play, and to have success in testing the conscience of the King. His reason or Ego works when Hamlet pushes back the idea of killing Claudius while he prays with the remorse, The excuse that he would send him to the heaven in such a moment of the repentance. When he returned from exile in Act V, onw sees a very different picture. He is calm, rational and less fear of death than simplyRead MoreThe Origins of Roman Religion and Its Progress Essay2671 Words   |  11 Pagesdignity, and if any nation deserves to be allowed to claim that its ancestors were gods, that people is ours. Livy As can be seen, the strength of the Roman Empire may have had a great deal to do with the belief that the emperors became deities once they had died. This supported them, and strengthened their power, as will be discussed later. 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That is why when his father tells him that he doesnt want his son to become the new emperor of Rome when he passes away it enrages him, but he tries his best to try to control it. What makes matters even worse and pushes Commodus over the edge is when his father tells him that he was brought up in a life of lies and pretenceRead MoreLet Majorship English4572 Words   |  19 Pageson the individual b. Belief in the child’s superior insight c. Celebration of the nature d. Emphasis on the power of imagination 2. What feeling is expressed in this line â€Å"My heart leaps up when I behold a rainbow in the sky†? A. Surprise C. Fear B. Happiness D. Anger 3. What is Chekhov’s most recognizable achievement in his short stories? A. His cryptic use of symbolism B. His attention to the inner lives of his characters C. His references to biblical scriptures

Transforming anglian water Free Essays

string(61) " the vision and values were communicated from top to bottom\." Introduction It is believed that survival of an organization in contemporary era of globalization liberalization is directly correlated to the extent to which it utilizes advanced information technology tools and practices Total Quality Management. The concept of â€Å"Learning Organization† was introduced by Chris Argyris and further researched and explained by Sange (1990). Sange defined Learning Organization as the organization â€Å"in which you cannot not learn because learning is so insinuated into the fabric of life. We will write a custom essay sample on Transforming anglian water or any similar topic only for you Order Now † He further defines Learning Organization as â€Å"a group of people continually enhancing their capacity to create what they want to create.† The purpose of this assignment is to study Anglian Water in the light of Learning Organization and: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Investigate the extent to which the organization could actually claim to be a Learning Organization. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Identify those factors that may undermine the concept of â€Å"Learning Organization† in   Anglian Water and call into question the investments made. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Explain if Anglian Water can sustain the ideals and practices of a Learning Organization. While exploring the definitions and characteristics of Learning Organizations, the case study of Anglian waters will be investigated and comparisons will be drawn. Chris Argyris differentiates between first order or single loop learning versus second order or double loop learning.   Learning is further explained as detection and correction of errors. Single loop learning detects the errors and then functions within the construct of organization’s governing variable to achieve the desired result. Double loop learning challenges the governing variable itself and aims at producing drastic cultural changes within the organization. Argyris further divides organizations into Model I and Model II. Model I represents the traditional bricks and mortar culture, a few characteristics of which are: Achieve the purpose as the actor defines it, Win, do not lose, Suppress Negative Feelings, Advocating courses of actions which discourage inquiry, Defensive relationships, low freedom of choice. Model II represents a learning organization, the characteristics of which are: Valid Information, Free and Informed choice, Internal Commitment, Sharing control, Surfacing conflicting view, Minimally defensive relationships, High freedom of choice, Increased likelihood of double loop learning. Considering the above view point, Anglian water clearly falls in the Model II category of double loop learning. In the 1990’s it diversified into new markets, conducted employee satisfaction surveys and acted on the results of it. The Management clearly had a vision to introduce and sustain drastic cultural changes and move towards becoming a learning organization. This was achieved to a great extent through employee empowerment implementation of ‘transformation journey’ which enabled incumbents at all levels to develop attitudinal and behavioral change to be able to cope up with turbulent and uncertain environment. Argyris further introduces us to the concept of triple loop learning (Learning how to learn) which is in continuation to single loop (What to do); Double Loop (Learning what to do). Triple Loop Learning questions the structures and strategies of learning; and how our mental map affects the way we behave. It is considered as the highest level of organizational learning and restructuring. Triple loop learning leads to restructuring of current systems and processes. Dialogues are initiated with in the organization in the form of â€Å"collective mindfulness† to understand the basis of existence of hierarchies; policies, procedures etc and RESTRUCTURING within the organization takes place. A Learning Infrastructure is created where existing structure is studied, dialogue is initiated and new and more effective structures are proposed. Focus then is on developing competencies and skills of individuals – teams – organization and hence emerges a Learning Organization. Anglian Water as an organization seems to have all the characteristics that the Triple Loop learning mentions as that of a Learning Organization. At Anglian water, face to face communication is given utmost importance amongst employees; university of Water was established to integrate , support and accredit all forms of learning; develop skills and competencies that was required to move Anglian water to the 21st century and place it as a global player. Peter Senge (1990) remarks â€Å"The rate at which organizations learn may become the only sustainable source of competitive advantage†. He differentiates between adaptive and generative learning. Adaptive Learning is the initiation of a company into the community of Learning Organization. Generative learning utilizes the power of creativity and innovation to reconstruct those systems and processes that govern consequences. Senge, in his much acclaimed book The fifth discipline explains the five disciplines which according to him are cucial in building a learning organization. The first discipline Personal Mastery concentrates on learning of each and every individual in the organization resulting in Learning organization as a whole. Individual goals and tools to measure the proximity to these goals are developed. Significant evidence of Personal Mastery can be found at Anglian water through the introduction of the concept of travelers whose four guiding principles were a willingness to get to know myself, a desire to develop myself, a desire to develop my full potential with and through others, an ability to link my personal development to the development of Anglian water. The second discipline of Mental Model is the framework of cognitive processes of our mind which determines our thought and action process. Argyris concept of theories of action is similar to the Mental Model concept and govern actual behavior. Espoused theory is what we would like others to believe as our actual action theory. Anglian Water does not seem to have incorporate the Mental Model theory in its learning curve. The third principle of systems thinking or the ability to see interrelationships / circular causations (where a variable is both the cause and effect of another)is prevalent in the practice of Transformation Journey , Total Quality Management , Change Agent Networks. The Fourth principal of shared vision (build on individual vision of it’s members) is not well supported at Anglian Water. While the vision and value statements were rolled out in the 1990s it is unclear if these were created through the interaction between leaders and employees of the organization. It seems more likely that the vision and values were communicated from top to bottom. You read "Transforming anglian water" in category "Essay examples" The fifth discipline of team learning or â€Å"genuine thinking together† was highly encouraged by the leadership at Anglian water and is corroborated with the team and group formations through the methodology of Transformational Journey. Victoria Marsick states that learning organizations involve deep change in the mind sets of people as well as the culture of the organization and socities. Gephart , Marsic Van Buren 1997 emphasize on Continuous Learning at the system level which at Anglian Water was initiated in the form of Transformational Journey and University of Water. Knowledge generation and sharing was made possible through the introduction of University of Water which aimed at acknowledging, integrating, supporting and accrediting all forms of learning in the company. The concept was further given a boost with the establishment of an intranet for information exchange and communication. Systematic Thinking capacity which enables employees to identify linkages and feedback loops. The presence of the concept of systematic thinking can be illustrated by the feedback statements of employees on the Journey being a good learning experience OR the findings of the employee satisfaction survey that clearly demanded a cultural change in Anglian Water. Greater Participation and accountability by a larger percentage of employees is promoted by Anglian Waters through various methods such as ‘employee satisfaction survey’ , ‘employee empowerment’ , ‘transformational journey’ that saw the participation of more than 3000 employees, new ‘HR Performance Management Policies’. Culture and structure of rapid communication and learning was introduced with the advent of the 2 year long traveler role and Aqua University. Rapid communication was facilitated through the installment of Intranet. Pedler, another major pioneer, in his work ‘Blue prints of a learning company’ characterizes such organizes through the usage of five themes. ‘Strategy’ is explained through: i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Learning approach to strategy was seen in the efforts to promote team working and cooperation through transformational journey which would have a direct bearing on the operational effectiveness and business performance. ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Participative Policy making is missing in Anglian Water’s organizational learning. ‘Looking in’ encompasses: i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Informating or use of information technology to inform and empower employees by giving them access to information was being practiced at Anglein Water through installation of Hawk – their intranet system. ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Internal Exchange was facilitated through the introduction of Total Quality Management i.e. Each department treated the other as Internal Customer iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Formative Accounting and control and iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   reward flexibility are missing from the grounds of Anglian Water. ‘Enabling structures’ are flexible organizations which revisit reformat structures, goals, objectives to align with the interest of employees, shareholders and suppliers. Post privatization, Anglian Water reorganized it’s business, restructured to a flatter organization, encouraged cross functional and individual participation to facilitate positive change. Transformational Journey empowered employees to arrange for their own support and skill development. ‘Looking out’ encompasses i. ‘Boundary workers as environmental scanners’, which refers to the collection of information from the external stakeholders of an organisation in order to establish their needs is evident through the introduction of TQM a key element of which is to be: ‘sensitive to customer requirements and to respond rapidly to them†¦to achieve customer satisfaction†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Stark, 1998) ii.‘Inter-company learning’ which entails joining with customers and suppliers in training experiences, research and development and job exchanges is conspicuous by its absence in Anglian Water. Learning Opportunities talks of i.    Learning Climate encourages employees to seek continuous improvement, learn from their experiences and make time to question practices and try out new ones. Establishment of university of water by Anglian Water for the sole purpose of learning and development of employees attests the presence of Learning Climate in the company. ii. Self Development opportunities for all was encouraged at Anglian Water through the introduction of Transformational journey which was a holistic strategy designed to prepare and equip employees for the technical and emotional challenges of operating in a turbulent and uncertain environment. To Summarize, whether Anglian Water can claim to be a learning organization, I would like to include a few ideas organized by Art Kleiner states as Why Bother? i.   Because we want superior performance and competitive advantage ii.    For customer relations iii. To avoid decline iv.    To improve quality v.    To understand risks and diversity more deeply vi.    For innovation vii.   For our personal and spiritual well being viii.    To increase our ability to manage change ix.       For energized committed work force x.   To expand boundaries Above mentioned ten points are positive results of a successful learning organization. Anglian Water when viewed in the light of the above mentioned results comes out as a winner in the field of learning organizations  The next step is to identify factors that may undermine the concept of Learning Organization in Anglian Water. Senge states that the role of a leader is to build a shared vision. Though the vision and value statement that were released at Anglien Water were designed to inculcate new attitudes and behaviors, no evidence of participation of employees in shared vision building exercise is found. Shell (1997) also talks of Creative tension as a characteristic of Learning Organization. This enables innovation and visioning the future and further working towards a commonly agreed goal. However, this capacity to vision the future seems to be lacking in the employees of Anglian Water. This was more than evident when in 1990 Ofwat recommended a price reduction of at least 17.5%. and this decision hit the company hard. It suffered tremendous losses and had to initiate a major cost reduction strategy. If the government decision had been predicted by the visionaries of the company, they would have had time to prepare ground for the turbulence that they faced as a result of this Change. Davenport and Prusak (1998) are concerned with the magnitude of importance that has been given to Information technology centric Knowldege Management in Learning Organizations. They state that it is more important to build a culture conducive to knowledge and learning rather that emphasizing on information storage, retrieval and transfer. Clarke and Cooper state that in their goal to be a learning organization, Anglian Water rolled out a complete Knowledge Management Policy. However, their Intranet, despite of being called HAWK – Harnessing Anglian Water’s Knowledge appears to play only a secondary role. One of the major characteristics of Learning Organization is Experiential Learning. Polanyi (1967) characterizes experiential learning as tacit or not highly conscious. Lave and Wenger term the process as ‘legitimate peripheral participation’ which further dilutes   lessons learnt. Employees undergoing experiential learning might not be capable of fully understanding the reasons for success or failure. Thought Processes that are different from that of the value systems of a learning organization might be considered null and void. Marsick points out that when an organization is undergoing change and simultaneously assessing feedbacks, a confused and chaotic situation is bound to emerge. Multiple feedbacks emerge resulting in reception to various signals at the same time. Envisioning the environmental factors that would affect the well being of the company in future and predicting the types of challenges that the company should be ready for becomes very difficult. A tiny random fluctuation, often called Noise ‘can induce the path of choice’ (Capra 1996). It is hence expected of a learning organization to analyze well the various feedbacks and signals and prepare for the future challenges. It appears that the visionaries ay Anglian Water missed the point and hence future environmental challenges could not be well predicted. A few other vital characteristics of a Learning organization, mentioned by Pedler, seem to be missing at Anglian Water are â€Å"Formative Accounting and Control†, â€Å"Feedback loops being built in policy making process†. Formative Accounting and control insists on accounting , budgeting and reporting systems that are designed to help people understand the operations of organizational finance. However, It is important to add here â€Å"scholars often caution against one size fits all approach to creating the learning organization† (Marsick). Hence, it should not be a mandatory criteria for companies to absorb all characteristics defined by all scholars in the field of learning organizations. The third step is to analyze if Anglian Water can sustain the ideals and practices of a Learning Organization. If we refer to that portion of case study which is called â€Å"The future†, what immediately comes to our mind is that Anglian Water can not sustain the ideals and principles of a learning organization. When Anglian Water adopts a major cost reduction strategyin 1998 – 99; it seems to be moving away from the concept of Learning Organization. 10% of the employees (400 in number) were seen losing their jobs. While Learning Organizations are all about Investment in social, human and intellectual capital; Cost reduction strategies include downsizing, ‘low levels of risk taking, ‘short term focus’ ‘minimal levels of employee training and development,’ and ‘narrowly defined career paths’ (Schuler and Jackson, 2006:168) These practices are in stark contrast to senior managements bid to change Anglian Water’s approach to doing business to ‘entrepreneurial, innovative and outward looking’ (Jenkins, 2008:1) Cost Reduction would further mean minimizing overheads and it is assumed that the worse affected areas would be Human Resources logistics. Under Human Resources, most of the benefits such as training programs, employee engagement activities would have been scrutinized and the logical conclusion would be to cut the costs related to them. In this scenario, existence of a corporate university might come under investigation with respect to the total costs being incurred on it. Huczynski and Buchanan (2001:135) describe LO practices as: ‘A complex difficult set of practices, difficult to implement systematically.’ This criticism is relevant toAnglian Waterin numerous ways. Firstly, with regards to the University of Water, in the long run, those employees involved may struggle with coping with learning and their ‘day job’ at Anglian Water and also the need to encourage employee attrition and encourage ‘new blood’ at Anglian Water. Secondly after the initiation of the cost-reduction strategy the practices of a Learning Organization would be even harder to implement for reasons which were discussed previously. It is imperative to mention here that a lot of scholars in the field of Learning Organizations consider downsizing as a part of the Learning and restructuring process. Labbas 1999, states that employment downsizing has been regarded as the preferred route to improving organizational performance. Success or failure of a downsized organization depends on the workforce remaining after the downsizing (Best Practices in Downsizing: 1997). The Organizational trends in late 1990’s and then at the advent of 21st century was moving towards downsizing , restructuring and outsourcing. Managers continue to use downsizing – and other forms of restructuring – to improve productivity ( Ellis, 1998 ).   Downsizing has been termed as a reorganization strategy by Mckinley, Sanchez and Schick. Few other companies which downsized in 1998 and are still going strong are Kodak, Levis and Citicorp. Freeman and Cameron mention downsizing as an intentional reduction in personnel intended to improve the efficiency of the firm. Last but not the least, the chaos theory related to learning organization deserves to be given its due importance while discussing the probability of success of Anglian Water after downsizing. This theory talks about a situation when an organizational equilibrium becomes structurally unstable at critical bifurcation points†¦.in the system’s evolution where a fork suddenly appears and the system branches off in a new direction (Capra 1996). As a result of occurrence of chaos, a new form of organization would evolve. Since it is important for an organization to always be in the learning category to be able to survive environmental changes, downsizing at Anglian water could be looked as a phase in the learning process. It can be assumed that Anglian Water emerges successful after the process of downsizing and continues in its process of learning through as innovative techniques as â€Å"Transformational Journey†; â€Å"Traveller† and â€Å"University of Water†. Bibliography Peter Sange, Fifth Discipline Chris Argyris On Organizational Learning Watkins and Marsick Sculpting the Learning Organization Beardwell, J and Claydon, T (2007) Human Resource Management A contemporary approach Fifth Edition Pearson Education Ltd Organizational Behavior Tata Mcgraw Hill Burnes, B (2004) Managing Change Pearson Education Ltd Easterby-Smith, M, Burgoyne, J and Araujo, L (2006) Organizational Learning and The Learning Organisation Sage Publications Huczynski, A and Buchanan D (2001) Organisational Behaviour (4th Edition ) FT/Prentice Hall Paton, R, Peters, G, Storey, J and Taylor, S (2005) Handbook of Corporate University Development Gower Publishing Pedlar, M., Boydell, T. and Burgoyne, J. Learning Company Project: A Report on work (see mullins p205) Mabey, C and Salaman, G (1999) Human Resource Management a Strategic Introduction Blackwell Publishers Ltd Schuler, R and Jackson, S Strategic Human Resource Management (2006) Blackwell Publishing Torrington, D and Hall, L(1995)   Human Resource Management Prentice Hall Perter Clarke Maggie cooper, Knowledge Management Collaboration       How to cite Transforming anglian water, Essay examples

What aspects of a film might determine its genre Essay Example For Students

What aspects of a film might determine its genre? Essay Genres are the categorisation of different films depending on their type. Generally, there are several core genres such as horror, comedy, western, sci-fi, and so on. Sub-genres are developments of the main genres, often combining more than one, for example a romantic comedy combines the genres of romance and comedy. It is increasingly difficult for filmmakers to define an original genre nowadays, and to create their own unique cinematic style. Most filmmakers conform to using existing themes and formulas, which is essentially what defines a genre. An example of this is within the horror genre, where we often see knives, a psychopathic killer, and dark, mysterious environments. The film Halloween (John Carpenter, 1978) utilises all of these elements, with Michael Myers the knife-wielding psychopath in a mask killing people in an isolated street on Halloween. The main reason why genres stay alive and popular is because they are essentially a relationship between the audience and producers, which minimises the risk of financial failure. When the industry finds a formula that works, they meet the audiences expectations by simply recreating films with the same iconography, narrative, mise-en-scene, themes etc. When Scream (Wes Craven, 1996) was released, it was met with acclaim as it was a form of parody on typical Hollywood conventions of the horror\teen slasher genre. Inside the film itself, characters refer to the typical occurrences in a horror film, such as never say be right back, never drink, do drugs or have sex, and so on. We will write a custom essay on What aspects of a film might determine its genre? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However, modern day horrors have been known to break the mould and almost redefine the genre, as these rules often do not apply anymore. Audiences do however get bored with the same kind of films however, as seen with the many Halloween rip-offs that got absolutely nowhere at the box office because they simply did not introduce anything new to the genre. Nightmare On Elm Street introduced gore into the films and it became new and exciting for the audience, and it wasnt until Scream that the horror genre was revived once again with this new teen slasher that played on typical Hollywood conventions. This shows us how the horror genre has evolved over the years. Initially horror films where about mythical monsters, or adaptations of gothic literature. The Classic Hollywood Narrative of the equilibrium, disruption, and status quo is still in existence today, but it is certainly not as predominant. Modern day films such as Jeepers Creepers have deterred away from typical Hollywood endings where the good ultimately wins at the end. Both Scream and Halloween, though 18 years apart, both conform to typical Hollywood expectations. Stylistically, not much has changed over time. POV shots are used quite often, normally to show the vulnerability of a victim, or the uncertainty of an environment. This can be seen in the opening of Halloween, where we see through the eyes of the killer child. Low angle shots are used to connote dominance and intimidation to the monster. This can also be seen in Halloween when the protagonist is on the floor in the closet and the killer is trying to attack her he is in the dominating position. While these are typical elements of the horror genre, they are also commonly used film techniques and do not necessarily define the genre. Contrasts of slow to fast paced editing to build suspense then heighten the action is also used, combined with low key lighting. We can see this in Scream, in the opening sequence with the dark outside and the house thought of as being the safe place. .u77084b331da479d5e2559396393d704c , .u77084b331da479d5e2559396393d704c .postImageUrl , .u77084b331da479d5e2559396393d704c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u77084b331da479d5e2559396393d704c , .u77084b331da479d5e2559396393d704c:hover , .u77084b331da479d5e2559396393d704c:visited , .u77084b331da479d5e2559396393d704c:active { border:0!important; } .u77084b331da479d5e2559396393d704c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u77084b331da479d5e2559396393d704c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u77084b331da479d5e2559396393d704c:active , .u77084b331da479d5e2559396393d704c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u77084b331da479d5e2559396393d704c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u77084b331da479d5e2559396393d704c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u77084b331da479d5e2559396393d704c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u77084b331da479d5e2559396393d704c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u77084b331da479d5e2559396393d704c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u77084b331da479d5e2559396393d704c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u77084b331da479d5e2559396393d704c .u77084b331da479d5e2559396393d704c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u77084b331da479d5e2559396393d704c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Narrative form and genre of the film EssayThe classic settings of woods, an isolated house, and an alone teenager are all evident in this film, showing that there are some themes that are essential to a horror\teen-slasher film. Typical conventions are of course more typical in Halloween, a film which defined the teen slasher sub-genre and led the way for a wave of similar films. Scream reveals the codes and conventions to the audience then subverts many of them, for example, we rarely know where the killer is before he jumps out at somebody. We can see this when the killer attacks the principle at the school, or when the killer jumps through the window during the opening sequence. While the horror genre has obviously moved on since its origins in German expressionism, it still maintains to be a very visual style. As a director wants to build suspense, it is often that dialogue is limited and we are left with what we see and a low pitch tension-building score. Fractured lighting, static camerawork with characters moving in slow and uncertain motion, and distinguishable make up or costumes, are all noticeable in modern day horror, and also during the 1920s in the German Expressionism movement. Elements from these old films were carried on after the Studio System, in movies such as Frankenstein or Dracula. Evidence of costumes could be those of the killers in many horrors such as Scream or Halloween. Fractured and high contrast lighting can be seen in Halloween, in the closet scene where the light appears to be coming from a single source, with shadows being cast on the walls. These are very definitive of the horror movie genre, and show its development over time.  The repetition of elements in the horror genre is essential to creating some kind of identity for an audience. It is obvious that the visual aspect (setting, lighting, cinematography) has always been an integral part in horror films, and probably always will be until another film comes along in the future and innovates or develops the genre.